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    <title>Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales - Latest Publications</title>
    <description>Latest articles</description>
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    <pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2026 05:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
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    <link>https://arcs.episciences.org</link>
    <author>Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales</author>
    <dc:creator>Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales</dc:creator>
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      <title>The search for Nancy Howell</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Published in 1969, The Search for an Abortionist by Nancy Howell (Lee) is one of the earliest works on relational chain analysis. This sociological study, conducted as part of her doctoral thesis at Harvard under thesupervision of Harrison White, explores a particularly sensitive subject: the search for a way to obtain an abortion in a context where this act was prohibited. Despite the risk, 114 women agreed to participate in the research. The study revealed that in a context of illegality and urgency, social inequalities in access to resources are amplified, often with devastating consequences to those involved. Chapter 5, translated here, explains more specifically the method used to analyze relational chains. Excerpts from two interviews with Nancy Howell complete this tribute to a pioneering work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Jun 2025 16:17:36 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.15818</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.15818</guid>
      <author>Chauvac, Nathalie</author>
      <author>Pradère, Manon</author>
      <author>Howell, Nancy</author>
      <dc:creator>Chauvac, Nathalie</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pradère, Manon</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Howell, Nancy</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Published in 1969, The Search for an Abortionist by Nancy Howell (Lee) is one of the earliest works on relational chain analysis. This sociological study, conducted as part of her doctoral thesis at Harvard under thesupervision of Harrison White, explores a particularly sensitive subject: the search for a way to obtain an abortion in a context where this act was prohibited. Despite the risk, 114 women agreed to participate in the research. The study revealed that in a context of illegality and urgency, social inequalities in access to resources are amplified, often with devastating consequences to those involved. Chapter 5, translated here, explains more specifically the method used to analyze relational chains. Excerpts from two interviews with Nancy Howell complete this tribute to a pioneering work.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How I Discovered Network Analysis and Why I Thought It Was Cool: Frognet Conference 2024</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Transcript of the keynote speech by French sociologist Michel Grossetti at the 2024 Frognet conference. In this talk, he reflects on his academic background, and describes the steps that led him, starting in the late 1980s, to discover social network analysis, an approach he has continued to explore and develop throughout his research. Grossetti highlights the value of this framework, with a particular focus on two case studies: local systems of action and the links between science and industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2025 14:18:20 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.14399</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.14399</guid>
      <author>Grossetti, Michel</author>
      <author>Pradère, Manon</author>
      <dc:creator>Grossetti, Michel</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pradère, Manon</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Transcript of the keynote speech by French sociologist Michel Grossetti at the 2024 Frognet conference. In this talk, he reflects on his academic background, and describes the steps that led him, starting in the late 1980s, to discover social network analysis, an approach he has continued to explore and develop throughout his research. Grossetti highlights the value of this framework, with a particular focus on two case studies: local systems of action and the links between science and industry.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling and mining higher-order networks built from sequences</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Higher-order networks are a class of graphs that incorporate “memory no-des” in order to take into account the indirect interactions that can existin sequential data. They differ from so-called “order 1” networks, whichonly take direct relationships into account. In this article, we provide anoverview of this concept, detailing their construction and the mining tech-niques that can be employed. We present the Python package honyx, whichcontains algorithms already available in the literature. We propose a tuto-rial on its use through a case study of commercial flight itineraries in theUnited States. We also discuss some of the challenges and future directionsin the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Sep 2024 09:36:41 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.11256</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.11256</guid>
      <author>Queiros, Julie</author>
      <author>Queyroi, François</author>
      <dc:creator>Queiros, Julie</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Queyroi, François</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Higher-order networks are a class of graphs that incorporate “memory no-des” in order to take into account the indirect interactions that can existin sequential data. They differ from so-called “order 1” networks, whichonly take direct relationships into account. In this article, we provide anoverview of this concept, detailing their construction and the mining tech-niques that can be employed. We present the Python package honyx, whichcontains algorithms already available in the literature. We propose a tuto-rial on its use through a case study of commercial flight itineraries in theUnited States. We also discuss some of the challenges and future directionsin the field.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chaînes relationnelles dans l'accès à l'emploi : perspective à partir d'une enquête récente en France</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Since Mark Granovetter's seminal work on the access to employment of white collars in the Boston suburbs, studies on the embeddedness of the labor market in social networks have multiplied. They all agree on the fact that a significant proportion of access to employment is based on interpersonal relations, either because these relations are decisive in ob-taining information on jobs (for future recruits) and on possible candi-dates (for recruiters), or because they lead to direct recruitment (if the recruiter and the future recruit already know each other) or because recommendations by intermediaries result in hiring. The proportion of jobs obtained on the basis of personal relationships varies according to the methods studied and the study sites but it's often a significant one. In this article, we study the relational chains of access to employment based on the questions used in a questionnaire survey carried out in 2028 on a sample of 1,676 persons living in mainland France. This sur-vey confirms previous results: relationships are important, and this im-portance varies according to the characteristics of the respondents and the jobs they obtained. Relationships are more important for executives and prestigious jobs. Moreover, these prestigious jobs were obtained by involving colleagues or former colleagues to a greater extent than other jobs. Being located in a privileged environment and knowing other peo-ple in that environment provides additional resources for accessing cer-tain jobs.In addition to verifying these trends, our aim was to characterize the chains themselves as far as possible. In this way we were able to support a hypothesis that has emerged from previous work, namely that the average length of chains varies according to the type of resource in-volved: the rarer the resource, the longer the chains. By distinguishing between assistance limited to information or advice and that which in-volves more direct help in obtaining employment, we have been able to show that the chains are longer on average in the case of direct assis-tance, which is consistent with our hypothesis, but they are also longer for the youngest people, who have not yet been able to build up profes-sional relationships comparable to those of older people. What is at stake is therefore a relative scarcity that depends on the characteristics of the persons and their network as much as on those of the resources at stake.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jul 2024 06:43:16 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10995</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10995</guid>
      <author>Favre, Guillaume</author>
      <author>Grossetti, Michel</author>
      <dc:creator>Favre, Guillaume</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Grossetti, Michel</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Since Mark Granovetter's seminal work on the access to employment of white collars in the Boston suburbs, studies on the embeddedness of the labor market in social networks have multiplied. They all agree on the fact that a significant proportion of access to employment is based on interpersonal relations, either because these relations are decisive in ob-taining information on jobs (for future recruits) and on possible candi-dates (for recruiters), or because they lead to direct recruitment (if the recruiter and the future recruit already know each other) or because recommendations by intermediaries result in hiring. The proportion of jobs obtained on the basis of personal relationships varies according to the methods studied and the study sites but it's often a significant one. In this article, we study the relational chains of access to employment based on the questions used in a questionnaire survey carried out in 2028 on a sample of 1,676 persons living in mainland France. This sur-vey confirms previous results: relationships are important, and this im-portance varies according to the characteristics of the respondents and the jobs they obtained. Relationships are more important for executives and prestigious jobs. Moreover, these prestigious jobs were obtained by involving colleagues or former colleagues to a greater extent than other jobs. Being located in a privileged environment and knowing other peo-ple in that environment provides additional resources for accessing cer-tain jobs.In addition to verifying these trends, our aim was to characterize the chains themselves as far as possible. In this way we were able to support a hypothesis that has emerged from previous work, namely that the average length of chains varies according to the type of resource in-volved: the rarer the resource, the longer the chains. By distinguishing between assistance limited to information or advice and that which in-volves more direct help in obtaining employment, we have been able to show that the chains are longer on average in the case of direct assis-tance, which is consistent with our hypothesis, but they are also longer for the youngest people, who have not yet been able to build up profes-sional relationships comparable to those of older people. What is at stake is therefore a relative scarcity that depends on the characteristics of the persons and their network as much as on those of the resources at stake.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Créations de plateformes numériques dans le secteur agricole français et logiques relationnelles : découplage ou encastrement ?</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Cet article porte sur les dynamiques de l’encastrement relationnel des créateurs et créatrices de plateformes numériques dans le secteur agricole français, entreprises qui se sont considérablement développées ces dernières années. A partir d’une analyse qualitative et quantitative reposant sur des données mixtes collectées auprès d’entrepreneur.e.s, nous observons d’abord un processus de découplage, qui est majoritaire parmi les entrepreneur.e.s rencontré.es. Ces dernier.e.s n’échapperaient donc pas à la dynamique propre à « l’activité entrepreneuriale », à savoir le recours de plus en plus faible aux relations personnelles à mesure que l’entreprise se développe, phénomène qui a déjà été documenté par de nombreuses études. Toutefois, une analyse plus fine des profils montre que le taux d’encastrement d’une partie non négligeable des enquêté.e.s s’écarte de la distribution générale, ce qui interroge les conclusions d’ensemble. Un type de profil retient notamment notre attention, pour lequel le taux d’encastrement progresse au fil du temps. Nous montrons dans cet article que si cela est le signe pour certain.e.s d’une baisse d’activité de l’entreprise, pour d’autres il pourrait s’agir d’un mode original de développement. La singularité du monde professionnel sur lequel porte notre analyse (les mondes agricoles) et du type d’entreprise créée pourrait alors expliquer de tels résultats.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jul 2024 07:01:35 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10972</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10972</guid>
      <author>Chapus, Quentin</author>
      <author>Potier, Victor</author>
      <author>Brailly, Julien</author>
      <dc:creator>Chapus, Quentin</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Potier, Victor</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brailly, Julien</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Cet article porte sur les dynamiques de l’encastrement relationnel des créateurs et créatrices de plateformes numériques dans le secteur agricole français, entreprises qui se sont considérablement développées ces dernières années. A partir d’une analyse qualitative et quantitative reposant sur des données mixtes collectées auprès d’entrepreneur.e.s, nous observons d’abord un processus de découplage, qui est majoritaire parmi les entrepreneur.e.s rencontré.es. Ces dernier.e.s n’échapperaient donc pas à la dynamique propre à « l’activité entrepreneuriale », à savoir le recours de plus en plus faible aux relations personnelles à mesure que l’entreprise se développe, phénomène qui a déjà été documenté par de nombreuses études. Toutefois, une analyse plus fine des profils montre que le taux d’encastrement d’une partie non négligeable des enquêté.e.s s’écarte de la distribution générale, ce qui interroge les conclusions d’ensemble. Un type de profil retient notamment notre attention, pour lequel le taux d’encastrement progresse au fil du temps. Nous montrons dans cet article que si cela est le signe pour certain.e.s d’une baisse d’activité de l’entreprise, pour d’autres il pourrait s’agir d’un mode original de développement. La singularité du monde professionnel sur lequel porte notre analyse (les mondes agricoles) et du type d’entreprise créée pourrait alors expliquer de tels résultats.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Trajectories and social relations: urban area as a resource and a constraint</title>
      <description><![CDATA[What does the place of residence change in the trajectory of a person who grows up or lives there, in terms of access to employment, career path? Access to employment is based on the social relations available to family and friends or on the intervention of professionals from training or support organisations, particularly at the start of a career or when a career changes direction (Chauvac 2013).Career choices are also linked to family and friends, with family and friends providing resources to find information, make contacts or receive encouragement, but also models or counter-models, influences, support or constraints (Bidart 2008). The place of residence conditions the wider environment, and can therefore have an impact on an individual's trajectory.Research conducted on the trajectories of people who grew up and/or still live in a urban area qualified as a priority in the sense of urban policy shows that they denounce an effect of assignment to low-skilled or precarious jobs, the mourning of major jobs (Zunigo 2008) and a phenomenon of discrimination. They consider that "the urban area" is a strong explanatory factor of the difficulties and obstacles encountered, more than a resource, even if this may also be the case. Analyzing pathways by taking into account social relations enables us to understand how this "urban area" effect is constructed, but also how the accumulation of social and economic difficulties that characterize the situation of the inhabitants of a priority urban area will multiply the obstacles and crises in individual pathways (Beaud 2018). Around sixty trajectories have been reconstructed using the method of quantified narratives (Grossetti 2011) and the analysis of the modes of access to employment or other resources such as training and permits, in terms of relational chains. The analysis of these trajectories highlights the importance of family social networks in the pathways, often articulated with other modes of access such as the use of devices - in longer chains than previously observed (Chauvac 2011, 2013) - as well as the complexity of certain pathways and their consequences on the lives of the respondents.The social relationships mentioned and/or mobilised by the respondents, the devices at the different stages of their career, depending on their professional situations, also show the sequence of situations. Finally, the interviews make it possible to list the social relationships mentioned and/or used by the respondents, and to characterise them partly according to their professional situations.In the end, analysis in terms of social networks sheds light on the specificities of these pathways, with the urban area functioning above all as a revealer of the impact of social conditions on all biographical transitions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jul 2024 13:20:45 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10897</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10897</guid>
      <author>Chauvac, Nathalie</author>
      <author>Hugues, Fanny</author>
      <dc:creator>Chauvac, Nathalie</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hugues, Fanny</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[What does the place of residence change in the trajectory of a person who grows up or lives there, in terms of access to employment, career path? Access to employment is based on the social relations available to family and friends or on the intervention of professionals from training or support organisations, particularly at the start of a career or when a career changes direction (Chauvac 2013).Career choices are also linked to family and friends, with family and friends providing resources to find information, make contacts or receive encouragement, but also models or counter-models, influences, support or constraints (Bidart 2008). The place of residence conditions the wider environment, and can therefore have an impact on an individual's trajectory.Research conducted on the trajectories of people who grew up and/or still live in a urban area qualified as a priority in the sense of urban policy shows that they denounce an effect of assignment to low-skilled or precarious jobs, the mourning of major jobs (Zunigo 2008) and a phenomenon of discrimination. They consider that "the urban area" is a strong explanatory factor of the difficulties and obstacles encountered, more than a resource, even if this may also be the case. Analyzing pathways by taking into account social relations enables us to understand how this "urban area" effect is constructed, but also how the accumulation of social and economic difficulties that characterize the situation of the inhabitants of a priority urban area will multiply the obstacles and crises in individual pathways (Beaud 2018). Around sixty trajectories have been reconstructed using the method of quantified narratives (Grossetti 2011) and the analysis of the modes of access to employment or other resources such as training and permits, in terms of relational chains. The analysis of these trajectories highlights the importance of family social networks in the pathways, often articulated with other modes of access such as the use of devices - in longer chains than previously observed (Chauvac 2011, 2013) - as well as the complexity of certain pathways and their consequences on the lives of the respondents.The social relationships mentioned and/or mobilised by the respondents, the devices at the different stages of their career, depending on their professional situations, also show the sequence of situations. Finally, the interviews make it possible to list the social relationships mentioned and/or used by the respondents, and to characterise them partly according to their professional situations.In the end, analysis in terms of social networks sheds light on the specificities of these pathways, with the urban area functioning above all as a revealer of the impact of social conditions on all biographical transitions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An account of the second edition of the Frognet conference</title>
      <description><![CDATA[This account reviews the presentations made at the second Frognet conference, a French-speaking conference on graphs and social net- works. The conference was held in Montpellier on 6 and 7 April 2023. We detail the main themes addressed, the major sociometric surveys used, and the diversity of methodological approaches, sources and issues represented at the conference.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 May 2024 17:54:28 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.12317</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.12317</guid>
      <author>Boissonneau, Thomas</author>
      <author>Maisonobe, Marion</author>
      <dc:creator>Boissonneau, Thomas</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maisonobe, Marion</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This account reviews the presentations made at the second Frognet conference, a French-speaking conference on graphs and social net- works. The conference was held in Montpellier on 6 and 7 April 2023. We detail the main themes addressed, the major sociometric surveys used, and the diversity of methodological approaches, sources and issues represented at the conference.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Network analysis for the study of intergovernmental cooperation: the case of the International Bureau of Education (1929-1958)</title>
      <description><![CDATA[This report of the thesis "Recommending utopia? A construction of an intergovernmental cooperation by the International Bureau of Education (IBE) in the middle of the 20th century" (Brylinski, 2022), focuses on the use of network analysis to study intergovernmental cooperation in education. The first part sets out the research questions and the data collected. The second describes how network analyses were applied to the Bulletins and to the Minutes published by the IBE. Then, the third part exposes the results obtained, to illustrate how these techniques are useful to study the staging of States, their interactions and cooperation strategies. Network analysis is thus a relevant method to analyze how governments contributed to the construction of the cause which lied at the heart of the cooperation project, namely peace education. This approach makes it possible to improve our understanding of the circulation and co-construction of knowledge within the framework of an intergovernmental organization and the production of international education recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 May 2024 13:34:31 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.11398</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.11398</guid>
      <author>Brylinski, Émeline</author>
      <dc:creator>Brylinski, Émeline</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This report of the thesis "Recommending utopia? A construction of an intergovernmental cooperation by the International Bureau of Education (IBE) in the middle of the 20th century" (Brylinski, 2022), focuses on the use of network analysis to study intergovernmental cooperation in education. The first part sets out the research questions and the data collected. The second describes how network analyses were applied to the Bulletins and to the Minutes published by the IBE. Then, the third part exposes the results obtained, to illustrate how these techniques are useful to study the staging of States, their interactions and cooperation strategies. Network analysis is thus a relevant method to analyze how governments contributed to the construction of the cause which lied at the heart of the cooperation project, namely peace education. This approach makes it possible to improve our understanding of the circulation and co-construction of knowledge within the framework of an intergovernmental organization and the production of international education recommendations.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The role of farmer collectives developing territorialized supply chains on the agroecological transition trajectories of farms: analysis using the quantified narratives method</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Collective action among farmers is regularly presented as a driver for the adoption of agroecological practices on farms. This study proposes to extend the analysis of relational drivers in the implementation of changes in practices beyond peer groups, by looking at their collective organization around territorialized supply chains involving other actors. More specifically, this paper proposes to study the role that this collective organization around territorial supply chains plays in the changes toward agroecological practices carried out on farms.The study of the individual farm trajectories as a chain of events is an approach that allows the understanding and analysis of changes in practices. As we are interested in coordination mechanisms based on interactions between actors as a driver for agroecological transition, we mobilize the framework and tools of social network analysis. In particular, in order to analyse the relational drivers in the trajectories of changes practices, we mobilize the relational chain approach through the method of quantified narratives. This approach allows us to understand changes in practices on farms as collective actions, through the study of relationships activated by farmers in order to have access to different types of resources during their trajectory. Thus, our work feeds the literature mobilizing the method of quantified narratives for the analysis of farm transition trajectories, which we modulate by focusing on the trajectory of a particular cropping system analysed through the agronomic and socio-economic principles of agroecology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight farmers who are members of a territorial organic wheat-flour- bread supply chain collective that includes a miller and a baker, all located in the plain of Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme, France). Following these interviews focused on their changes in wheat-growing practices, we identified five phases of agronomic and socio-economic coherence in their trajectories, that we evaluated through the prism of the agroecological principles. We then identified the relationships activated by the farmers to access the various resources needed to carry out the changes in practices during these different phases. Based on their trajectories, a typology of farms was created. This typology helps to understand the different roles played by farmers’ collectives developing territorial supply chains in the different types of farms, by analysing during which phases of the trajectory they intervene, to provide access to which resources, in articulation with which other actors. Although the interests for participation vary between the different types of farms, it appears that the farmers’ collective developing territorial supply chains systematically give access to commercial, cognitive, social and material resources. As a result, they favour access to strategic resources on the farms, making it possible to couple changes in agricultural practices and their economic valorisation. These resources contribute to a change in the farmers' posture during their trajectory, moving from a role of raw material producers to a role of co-designers of agroecological products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2024 13:54:40 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10874</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10874</guid>
      <author>Gillerot, Alice</author>
      <author>Jeanneaux, Philippe</author>
      <author>Polge, Etienne</author>
      <dc:creator>Gillerot, Alice</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jeanneaux, Philippe</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Polge, Etienne</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Collective action among farmers is regularly presented as a driver for the adoption of agroecological practices on farms. This study proposes to extend the analysis of relational drivers in the implementation of changes in practices beyond peer groups, by looking at their collective organization around territorialized supply chains involving other actors. More specifically, this paper proposes to study the role that this collective organization around territorial supply chains plays in the changes toward agroecological practices carried out on farms.The study of the individual farm trajectories as a chain of events is an approach that allows the understanding and analysis of changes in practices. As we are interested in coordination mechanisms based on interactions between actors as a driver for agroecological transition, we mobilize the framework and tools of social network analysis. In particular, in order to analyse the relational drivers in the trajectories of changes practices, we mobilize the relational chain approach through the method of quantified narratives. This approach allows us to understand changes in practices on farms as collective actions, through the study of relationships activated by farmers in order to have access to different types of resources during their trajectory. Thus, our work feeds the literature mobilizing the method of quantified narratives for the analysis of farm transition trajectories, which we modulate by focusing on the trajectory of a particular cropping system analysed through the agronomic and socio-economic principles of agroecology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight farmers who are members of a territorial organic wheat-flour- bread supply chain collective that includes a miller and a baker, all located in the plain of Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme, France). Following these interviews focused on their changes in wheat-growing practices, we identified five phases of agronomic and socio-economic coherence in their trajectories, that we evaluated through the prism of the agroecological principles. We then identified the relationships activated by the farmers to access the various resources needed to carry out the changes in practices during these different phases. Based on their trajectories, a typology of farms was created. This typology helps to understand the different roles played by farmers’ collectives developing territorial supply chains in the different types of farms, by analysing during which phases of the trajectory they intervene, to provide access to which resources, in articulation with which other actors. Although the interests for participation vary between the different types of farms, it appears that the farmers’ collective developing territorial supply chains systematically give access to commercial, cognitive, social and material resources. As a result, they favour access to strategic resources on the farms, making it possible to couple changes in agricultural practices and their economic valorisation. These resources contribute to a change in the farmers' posture during their trajectory, moving from a role of raw material producers to a role of co-designers of agroecological products.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Carrières d’algorithmes : la détection automatique de motifs dans des graphes (années 1950–1970). Contribution à l’histoire des premiers apports des sciences sociales à l’informatique</title>
      <description><![CDATA[La détection de communautés est une question centrale en analyse de réseaux. Cet article combine une approche socio-historique à la reconstruction expérimentale de programmes informatiques afin d'éclairer l'histoire des premiers algorithmes de détection de cliques, problème qui compte encore aujourd'hui parmi les problèmes NP-complets non résolus. Restituer les recherches menées par l'archéologue Jean-Claude Gardin depuis les années 1950 sur le traitement de l'information non numérique et l'analyse de graphes met en évidence ces contributions précoces à l'informatique réalisées depuis les sciences humaines et sociales. Ces applications originales de l'informatique aux humanités ont reçu une réception et une reconnaissance limitées. Ce fait est éclairé par deux facteurs : 1) les politiques de financement, qui ont motivé le transfert des efforts de recherche sur les graphes depuis un éphémère espace interdisciplinaire vers des organisations de recherche en informatique, domaine alors émergent ; 2) les carrières erratiques des algorithmes, où l'efficacité, les erreurs, les corrections et le statut des auteurs ont été des facteurs déterminants. Ces facteurs se combinent aux effets des historiographies et des bibliographies sur la conservation, la découvrabilité et la réutilisation des résultats scientifiques.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2024 14:19:01 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10756</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10756</guid>
      <author>Plutniak, Sébastien</author>
      <dc:creator>Plutniak, Sébastien</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[La détection de communautés est une question centrale en analyse de réseaux. Cet article combine une approche socio-historique à la reconstruction expérimentale de programmes informatiques afin d'éclairer l'histoire des premiers algorithmes de détection de cliques, problème qui compte encore aujourd'hui parmi les problèmes NP-complets non résolus. Restituer les recherches menées par l'archéologue Jean-Claude Gardin depuis les années 1950 sur le traitement de l'information non numérique et l'analyse de graphes met en évidence ces contributions précoces à l'informatique réalisées depuis les sciences humaines et sociales. Ces applications originales de l'informatique aux humanités ont reçu une réception et une reconnaissance limitées. Ce fait est éclairé par deux facteurs : 1) les politiques de financement, qui ont motivé le transfert des efforts de recherche sur les graphes depuis un éphémère espace interdisciplinaire vers des organisations de recherche en informatique, domaine alors émergent ; 2) les carrières erratiques des algorithmes, où l'efficacité, les erreurs, les corrections et le statut des auteurs ont été des facteurs déterminants. Ces facteurs se combinent aux effets des historiographies et des bibliographies sur la conservation, la découvrabilité et la réutilisation des résultats scientifiques.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Collective dimension of social innovation projects: the contribution of relational chains</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Numerous projects, which today are described as social innovations, are being developed in response to the recent crises to meet various unsatisfied social needs (housing, climate, ageing, inequalities, etc.). Their highly collective nature implies a better understanding of the ways in which the partners involved in these projects are connected, which we propose to do using the relational chain method. The data collected using this method highlights the significant use of non-personal arrangements (circles and calls for projects) to obtain the support of institutions (local authorities) or organisations (foundations); interpersonal relationships—essentially professional—appear to be mobilised less frequently and mainly to access the world of research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 2024 18:07:10 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10859</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10859</guid>
      <author>Ferru, Marie</author>
      <author>Omer, Jade</author>
      <dc:creator>Ferru, Marie</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Omer, Jade</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Numerous projects, which today are described as social innovations, are being developed in response to the recent crises to meet various unsatisfied social needs (housing, climate, ageing, inequalities, etc.). Their highly collective nature implies a better understanding of the ways in which the partners involved in these projects are connected, which we propose to do using the relational chain method. The data collected using this method highlights the significant use of non-personal arrangements (circles and calls for projects) to obtain the support of institutions (local authorities) or organisations (foundations); interpersonal relationships—essentially professional—appear to be mobilised less frequently and mainly to access the world of research.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Network analysis practices in geography. Training and Disciplinary Borrowing</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Three geographers who have defended their thesis in 2021 and who use network analysis methods from other disciplines (sociology, computer science, physics) explain the choice of methods, indicators and software used in their work. They insist on both the weakness of initial training and the crucial role of self-training. The strengths and weaknesses of network analysis and link-node visualizations are finally discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2024 16:45:48 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10787</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10787</guid>
      <author>Autrive, Élise</author>
      <author>Beauguitte, Laurent</author>
      <author>Briot, Ninon</author>
      <author>Gourdon, Paul</author>
      <dc:creator>Autrive, Élise</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Beauguitte, Laurent</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Briot, Ninon</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gourdon, Paul</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Three geographers who have defended their thesis in 2021 and who use network analysis methods from other disciplines (sociology, computer science, physics) explain the choice of methods, indicators and software used in their work. They insist on both the weakness of initial training and the crucial role of self-training. The strengths and weaknesses of network analysis and link-node visualizations are finally discussed.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Social network analysis applied to healthcare data: inventory, discussion and perspectives</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la journée d'étude Araqnée (Analyse de Réseaux AppliQuée aux donNÉes de SantÉ)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2019 14:48:56 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9168</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9168</guid>
      <author>Gandré, Coralie</author>
      <dc:creator>Gandré, Coralie</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la journée d'étude Araqnée (Analyse de Réseaux AppliQuée aux donNÉes de SantÉ)]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The strength of vulnerable positions: Financial hegemony and disruptive potential</title>
      <description><![CDATA[This article addresses the structural power of banks by analyzing the market for Leveraged Buy-Outs (LBOs) in France during the 2000s. It attempts to operationalize the concept of financial hegemony in an original way, working from the idea of point-vulnerability in a graph, introducing a method that can be used to model a network according to this criteria (cohesive blocking). The analysis shows that banks oc-cupy not only the most central, but also the most vulnerable positions in the system compared with corporations and private equity firms. The crisis of 2007-2008 has enabled banks to impose their conditions and to firmly reinstate their hegemony which was somewhat contested during the bubble period. The structure that results from such an evo-lution has ambiguous implications for systemic risk.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Oct 2018 16:19:58 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9233</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9233</guid>
      <author>Foureault, Fabien</author>
      <dc:creator>Foureault, Fabien</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This article addresses the structural power of banks by analyzing the market for Leveraged Buy-Outs (LBOs) in France during the 2000s. It attempts to operationalize the concept of financial hegemony in an original way, working from the idea of point-vulnerability in a graph, introducing a method that can be used to model a network according to this criteria (cohesive blocking). The analysis shows that banks oc-cupy not only the most central, but also the most vulnerable positions in the system compared with corporations and private equity firms. The crisis of 2007-2008 has enabled banks to impose their conditions and to firmly reinstate their hegemony which was somewhat contested during the bubble period. The structure that results from such an evo-lution has ambiguous implications for systemic risk.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The 2018 Sunbelt Conference: Reflections and Perspectives on Social Networks Analysis</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la Sunbelt Conference 2018]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Oct 2018 15:23:52 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9173</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9173</guid>
      <author>Cornet, Maxime</author>
      <dc:creator>Cornet, Maxime</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la Sunbelt Conference 2018]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Connected Past 2017: Perspectives on Network Analysis for Social Sciences</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la conférence Connected Past 2017]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2018 14:22:06 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9172</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9172</guid>
      <author>Dessaint, Marion</author>
      <dc:creator>Dessaint, Marion</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la conférence Connected Past 2017]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Network analysis for the study of health care provider networks (Sunbelt 2018)</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Compte rendu de deux sessions thématiques à la Sunbelt Conference 2018]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Sep 2018 14:16:32 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9171</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9171</guid>
      <author>Gandré, Coralie</author>
      <dc:creator>Gandré, Coralie</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Compte rendu de deux sessions thématiques à la Sunbelt Conference 2018]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Precursor of Digital Humanities ? The First Automated Analysis of an Ancient Economic Network (Gardin &amp; Garelli, 1961). Implementation, Theorization, Reception</title>
      <description><![CDATA[From as early as the 1950s, J.C. Gardin's work spanned both archaeology and the emerging automation of numerical computation and documentation. In 1961, with P. Garelli, he published the first automated application of graph theory to historical materials, working from Assyrian cuneiform tablets documenting economic relations. This work was then widely ignored both in archeology and network analysis. However, in the past twenty years, socio-epistemic claims related to the growth of the Internet and computing (digital humanities, computational archaeology, etc.) have brought a surge of interest in Gardin's work, which is now regarded as pioneering. Working from archive materials and publications, this paper shows how a historical sociology of scientific writings can be relevant to the history of automation in historical sciences. The paper examines Gardin's recognition as an influential forerunner of computational archeology, showing that : 1) although Gardin had access to resources (financial, instrumental, etc.) that were rare at the time, and could have provided material for the foundation of a school or a specialty, he did not however pursue this ambition; 2) the demonstrative purposes pursued by Gardin with his study of 1961 economic networks varied between the 1960s (demonstrating the relevance of non-numerical computation) and the 1980s (legitimizing simulation in the social sciences), but were never concerned with network analysis as such.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Sep 2018 15:55:13 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9236</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9236</guid>
      <author>Plutniak, Sébastien</author>
      <dc:creator>Plutniak, Sébastien</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[From as early as the 1950s, J.C. Gardin's work spanned both archaeology and the emerging automation of numerical computation and documentation. In 1961, with P. Garelli, he published the first automated application of graph theory to historical materials, working from Assyrian cuneiform tablets documenting economic relations. This work was then widely ignored both in archeology and network analysis. However, in the past twenty years, socio-epistemic claims related to the growth of the Internet and computing (digital humanities, computational archaeology, etc.) have brought a surge of interest in Gardin's work, which is now regarded as pioneering. Working from archive materials and publications, this paper shows how a historical sociology of scientific writings can be relevant to the history of automation in historical sciences. The paper examines Gardin's recognition as an influential forerunner of computational archeology, showing that : 1) although Gardin had access to resources (financial, instrumental, etc.) that were rare at the time, and could have provided material for the foundation of a school or a specialty, he did not however pursue this ambition; 2) the demonstrative purposes pursued by Gardin with his study of 1961 economic networks varied between the 1960s (demonstrating the relevance of non-numerical computation) and the 1980s (legitimizing simulation in the social sciences), but were never concerned with network analysis as such.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Constellations of kinship in the medieval nobility of Île-de-France (1000-1440)</title>
      <description><![CDATA[This article provides a detailed description of the network of alliances and the matrimonial constellations established from 1000 to 1440 between noble “topolineages” of the upper, middle and low nobility in the Île-de-France (Paris region), with the aim of understanding their marital strategies. For these topolineages, the aim was to ensure the reproduction of aristocratic domination in a context where new actors emerged, including recently ennobled individuals who were aggregated to the existing nobility. Using the Puck software, the author carries out a systematic exploration of alliances and realliances formed through affinity and inbreeding in order to identify the role played by kinship in solidarities. Datasets stored on the Kinsource platform are used to build dated graphs of these networks, highlighting alliances and consanguineous marriages. The development of network patterns makes it possible to identify expansions of matrimonial components, as well as the interruption of their expansion around 1290. Computer analysis shows that aristocrats looked for their spouses within authorized boundaries, and did not hesitate to reproduce past unions between the same lineages as long as the generational gap between the common ancestors and the spouses complied with canonical laws.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Jun 2018 15:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9234</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9234</guid>
      <author>Nabias, Laurent, Albert</author>
      <dc:creator>Nabias, Laurent, Albert</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This article provides a detailed description of the network of alliances and the matrimonial constellations established from 1000 to 1440 between noble “topolineages” of the upper, middle and low nobility in the Île-de-France (Paris region), with the aim of understanding their marital strategies. For these topolineages, the aim was to ensure the reproduction of aristocratic domination in a context where new actors emerged, including recently ennobled individuals who were aggregated to the existing nobility. Using the Puck software, the author carries out a systematic exploration of alliances and realliances formed through affinity and inbreeding in order to identify the role played by kinship in solidarities. Datasets stored on the Kinsource platform are used to build dated graphs of these networks, highlighting alliances and consanguineous marriages. The development of network patterns makes it possible to identify expansions of matrimonial components, as well as the interruption of their expansion around 1290. Computer analysis shows that aristocrats looked for their spouses within authorized boundaries, and did not hesitate to reproduce past unions between the same lineages as long as the generational gap between the common ancestors and the spouses complied with canonical laws.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Journey in cluster: What about its relational promise ?</title>
      <description><![CDATA[This article focuses on inter­-organizational and interpersonal networks within a biocluster (a geographical pool of biotechnology companies, laboratories and universities). Diverse forms of interactions and interpenetration can be observed across the three spheres of science, industry and education. Using network analysis and the traditional methods of sociology (observations, interviews and surveys), this article reveals that while there are limited formal relations between organizations, phenomena of mutual acquaintance can be observed on an inter­individual level. At employee level, these acquaintances manifest themselves through a shared sense of belonging to the "small world of genomics", and through the sharing of experience in case of problems. Within teams, there are collegial and sometimes even friendly relations, but they rarely turn into professional interaction. In this context, individuals may activate their interpersonal networks for the purposes of occupational mobility, giving rise to an internal labor market. However, this market is disconnected from local students, although the university works to adapt its curriculum to the needs of local companies and laboratories.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2018 15:38:41 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9235</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9235</guid>
      <author>Vallier, Estelle</author>
      <dc:creator>Vallier, Estelle</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This article focuses on inter­-organizational and interpersonal networks within a biocluster (a geographical pool of biotechnology companies, laboratories and universities). Diverse forms of interactions and interpenetration can be observed across the three spheres of science, industry and education. Using network analysis and the traditional methods of sociology (observations, interviews and surveys), this article reveals that while there are limited formal relations between organizations, phenomena of mutual acquaintance can be observed on an inter­individual level. At employee level, these acquaintances manifest themselves through a shared sense of belonging to the "small world of genomics", and through the sharing of experience in case of problems. Within teams, there are collegial and sometimes even friendly relations, but they rarely turn into professional interaction. In this context, individuals may activate their interpersonal networks for the purposes of occupational mobility, giving rise to an internal labor market. However, this market is disconnected from local students, although the university works to adapt its curriculum to the needs of local companies and laboratories.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Connected Past 2017 : archéologie, histoire et complexité. Perspectives présentes et futures de la recherche</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la conférence The Connected Past 2017]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Mar 2018 15:13:53 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9170</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9170</guid>
      <author>Panichi, Oliver</author>
      <dc:creator>Panichi, Oliver</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la conférence The Connected Past 2017]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Retour de Bournemouth : quelques réflexions historiennes sur The Connected Past: The Future of Past Networks ? (22-25 août 2017)</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la conférence Connected Past 2017]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Mar 2018 15:11:31 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9169</link>
      <guid>https://doi.org/10.46298/arcs.9169</guid>
      <author>Armand, Cécile</author>
      <dc:creator>Armand, Cécile</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Compte rendu de la conférence Connected Past 2017]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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